Sunday, May 18, 2014

The Good Mother Paradigm: Challenges of Returning to Sport

                                                                 By: Amanda Leibovitz
(Edited by Kacey Gibson & Dr. Michele Kerulis)
                                                                   Photo Credit: Depositphoto
Spring is finally in the air, and with warmer weather comes an increasing number of athletes and exercisers heading outside with their training.  As such, a common sight along the Chicago lakefront path is that of a fit and active mother pushing a child in a stroller as she fits in her morning run.  The dedicated effort of many mothers to regain and maintain fitness after childbirth is admirable, to say the least, and it also begs the question, “How do they do it?”

Social stereotypes and expectations of women’s responsibilities during motherhood can often lead to the development of the good mother identity, which is characterized by the internalization of the social definition of a woman who is present and self-sacrificing (Appleby & Fisher, 2009).  As such, it is common for new mothers to experience conflicting feelings about their responsibilities as a mother and as an athlete, especially when athletic commitments take them away from their children (Appleby & Fisher, 2009).

However, many mother-athletes eventually begin to resist these social stereotypes of motherhood, viewing mothering and athleticism as complimentary, rather than contradictory (Appleby & Fisher, 2009).  This new view on the roles of mother and athlete allows women the space to negotiate a new identity that combines both roles, resulting in decreased pressure to perform, being a role model for other women, and identifying the multidimensional aspects of their lives (Appleby & Fisher, 2009).

The link between the good mother paradigm and sport psychology consulting is rooted in the need for responsible sport psychology consultants to understand the sociopolitical context that may be affecting new mothers as they struggle to return to sport after childbirth (McGannon, Curtin, Schinke, & Schweinbenz, 2012).  Expected behaviors based on cultural values and norms regarding women, motherhood, and sport can create identities that impact the ways in which athletes may be perceived by society and how the athlete views herself (McGannon et al., 2012).  Responsible sport and exercise practitioners will make efforts to understand both the external and internal pressures on mother-athletes in order to most accurately conceptualize the client and her needs (McGannon et al., 2012). In addition, sport and exercise psychology consultants should work to develop the skills and techniques necessary to assist the client through the process of role negotiation and to help female athletes reach their exercise, sport, and performance goals (McGannon et al., 2012). 

Lisa Pedersen, LCSW, author of the website and book-in-progress Birth like an Athlete, recognizes that “Life doesn't stop when you leave your sport. Instead, life continues when you prepare for a baby and motherhood, and that may be the greatest accomplishment of all.” Pedersen helps athletes focus on their pre-and post-natal mental health, fitness, and sports goals.  She believes that sharing womens’ stories will help inspire other women to remain active and also to help them adjust to their new role as mothers.

In addition, fitness writer Lisa Payne encourages people to join her movement #TryFitWeekly and try a new workout or fitness class each week. This might be especially helpful for new moms who want new and interesting fitness classes. Payne recommends a Chicago based women’s gym called Prenatal Fit that focuses on pre- and post-pregnancy fitness.   

A third idea is for balancing athletics and being a mom is by integrating creative ideas into your fitness routine. Brianne Wiseman, “Gracefully Evolving Mom,” recommends high intensity interval training, making your baby your workout buddy, and utilizing playground time for workouts.  Moms sometimes have a hard time balancing time to take care of themselves with taking care of their families and other responsibilities. Taking time for herself will allow her to recharge her energy.

References
Appleby, K. M., & Fisher, L. A. (2009). “Running in and out of motherhood”: Elite distance runners’ experiences of returning to competition after pregnancy. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 18(1), 3-17. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.adler.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=47556332&site=ehost-live&scope=site
McGannon, K. R., Curtin, K., Schinke, R. J., & Schweinbenz, A. N. (2012). (De)Constructing Paula Radcliffe: Exploring media representations of elite running, pregnancy and motherhood through cultural sport psychology. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(6), 820-829. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.adler.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=79337925&site=ehost-live&scope=site


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